NAME

netstat - show network status

SYNOPSIS

netstat [ -aAn ] [ -f addr_family ] [ system ] [ core ]

netstat [ -n ] [ -s ] [ -i | -r ] [ -f addr_family ] [  sys-
tem ] [ core ]

netstat [ -n ] [ -I interface ] interval [ system ] [ core ]

DESCRIPTION

netstat displays the contents of various network-related data structures in various formats, depending on the options you select.

The first form of the command displays a list of active sockets for each protocol. The second form selects one from among various other network data structures. The third form displays running statistics of packet traffic on configured network interfaces; the interval argument indicates the number of seconds in which to gather statistics between displays.

The default value for the system argument is /unix; for core, the default is /dev/kmem.

The following options are available:

-a Show the state of all sockets; normally sockets used by server processes are not shown.

-A Show the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets; used for debugging.

-i Show the state of interfaces that have been autoconfigured. Interfaces that are statically configured into a system, but not located at boot time, are not shown.

-n Show network addresses as numbers. netstat normally displays addresses as symbols. This option may be used with any of the display formats.

-r Show the routing tables. When used with the -s option, show routing statistics instead.

-s Show per-protocol statistics. When used with the -r option, show routing statistics.

-f addr_family

Limit statistics or address control block reports to those of the specified addr_family, which can be one of:

          inet    For the AF_INET address family, or
          unix    For the AF_UNIX family.

-I interface

Highlight information about the indicated interface in a separate column; the default (for the third form of the command) is the interface with the most traffic since the system was last rebooted. interface can be any valid interface listed in the system configuration file, such as emd1 or lo0.

DISPLAYS

Active Sockets (First Form)

The display for each active socket shows the local and remote address, the send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), the protocol, and the internal state of the protocol.

The symbolic format normally used to display socket addresses is either:

hostname.port

when the name of the host is specified, or:

network.port

if a socket address specifies a network but no specific host. Each hostname and network is shown according to its entry in the /etc/hosts or the /etc/networks file, as appropriate.

If the network or hostname for an address is not known (or if the -n option is specified), the numerical network address is shown. Unspecified, or wildcard, addresses and ports appear as *. For more information regarding the Internet naming conventions, refer to inet(7).

TCP Sockets

The possible state values for TCP sockets are as follows:

CLOSED              Closed.  The socket  is  not  being
                    used.
LISTEN              Listening for incoming connections.
SYN_SENT            Actively trying to  establish  con-
                    nection.
SYN_RECEIVED        Initial synchronization of the con-
                    nection under way.
ESTABLISHED         Connection has been established.
CLOSE_WAIT          Remote shut down; waiting  for  the

                    socket to close.
FIN_WAIT_1          Socket closed; shutting  down  con-
                    nection.
CLOSING             Closed,   then   remote   shutdown;
                    awaiting acknowledgement.
LAST_ACK            Remote  shut  down,  then   closed;
                    awaiting acknowledgement.
FIN_WAIT_2          Socket closed; waiting for shutdown
                    from remote.
TIME_WAIT           Wait after close for  remote  shut-
                    down retransmission.

Network Data Structures (Second Form)

The form of the display depends upon which of the -i or -r options you select. If you specify more than one of these options, netstat selects one in the order listed here.

Routing Table Display

The routing table display lists the available routes and the status of each. Each route consists of a destination host or network, and a gateway to use in forwarding packets. The flags column shows the status of the route (U if up), whether the route is to a gateway (G), and whether the route was created dynamically by a redirect (D).

Direct routes are created for each interface attached to the local host; the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.

The refcnt column gives the current number of active uses per route. Connection-oriented protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of a connection, whereas connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending to the same destination.

The use column displays the number of packets sent per route.

The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized for the route.

Cumulative Traffic Statistics (Third Form)

When the interval argument is given, netstat displays a table of cumulative statistics regarding packets transferred, errors and collisions, the network addresses for the interface, and the maximum transmission unit (mtu). The first line of data displayed, and every 24th line thereafter, contains cumulative statistics from the time the system was last rebooted. Each subsequent line shows incremental statistics for the interval (specified on the command line) since the previous display.

SEE ALSO

iostat(1M),  trpt(1M),  vmstat(1M),  hosts(4),  networks(4),
protocols(4), services(4).

NOTES

The notion of errors is ill-defined.

The kernel's tables can change while netstat is examining them, creating incorrect or partial displays.